Capture one pro 12 release date free.Breadcrumbs Navigation

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

That the FAA was a victim of regulatory capture was one focus of a United States Senate Commerce Subcommittee on Aviation and Space meeting held in the wake of the Ethiopian Airlines Flight crash that followed a previous crash of a Lion Air flight and claimed lives.

The Boeing MAX platform that crashed had been subjected to only an “amended” airworthiness type certificate. Legal scholars have pointed to the possibility that federal agencies such as the Federal Communications Commission FCC had been captured by media conglomerates. Peter Schuck of Yale Law School has argued that the FCC is subject to capture by the media industries’ leaders and therefore reinforce the operation of corporate cartels in a form of “corporate socialism” that serves to “regressively tax consumers, impoverish small firms, inhibit new entry, stifle innovation, and diminish consumer choice”.

Michael K. His role has been the cable industry’s leading advocate, spokesman, and representative in its relationship with the U. Congress, the Administration, the FCC, and other federal agencies. In July , congresswomen Elizabeth Warren and Pramila Jayapal issued a letter citing a report by the Project On Government Oversight showing concerns for the composition of the FCC’s Communications Security, Reliability and Interoperability Council CSRIC , questioning whether it could effectively serve the public interest if the majority of its members were representatives of the private sector.

They wrote that “having the FCC’s policy-making process rely on input from individuals employed by, or affiliated with, the corporations that it is tasked with overseeing is the very definition of regulatory capture”. Part of the New York Fed’s responsibilities is the regulation of Wall Street , but its president is selected by and reports to a board dominated by the chief executives of some of the banks it oversees.

During the crisis, several major banks that were on the verge of collapse were rescued via the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of By purchasing these contracts, the banks received a “back-door bailout” of cents on the dollar for the contracts.

Historians, political scientists, and economists have often used the Interstate Commerce Commission ICC , a now-defunct federal regulatory body in the United States, as a classic example of regulatory capture. The creation of the ICC was the result of widespread and longstanding anti-railroad agitation.

Richard Olney , a prominent railroad lawyer, was asked by a railroad president if he could do something to get rid of the ICC. The Commission… is, or can be made, of great use to the railroads.

It satisfies the popular clamor for a government supervision of the railroads, at the same time that supervision is almost entirely nominal. Further, the older such a commission gets to be, the more inclined it will be found to take the business and railroad view of things. While the Interstate Commerce Act forbade “undue and unreasonable prejudice” against interstate passengers, in the sixty-six years before Sarah Keys v.

Carolina Coach Company the ICC had ruled against every black petitioner bringing a racial segregation complaint, earning the nickname “The Supreme Court of the Confederacy “. Carolina Coach , attempting to justify segregation on a separate but equal basis for six years before being forced by the Department of Justice under then Attorney General Robert F.

Kennedy to act in response to the Freedom Riders protests of According to Frank N. Nuclear power is a textbook example of the problem of “regulatory capture” — in which an industry gains control of an agency meant to regulate it. Regulatory capture can be countered only by vigorous public scrutiny and Congressional oversight, but in the 32 years since Three Mile Island, interest in nuclear regulation has declined precipitously.

Then-candidate Barack Obama said in that the five-member NRC had become “captive of the industries that it regulates” and Joe Biden indicated he had absolutely no confidence in the agency. The NRC has given a license to “every single reactor requesting one”, according to Greenpeace USA nuclear policy analyst Jim Riccio to refer to the agency approval process as a “rubber stamp”.

The UCS said that through the years, it had found the NRC’s enforcement of safety rules has not been “timely, consistent, or effective” and it cited 14 “near-misses” at U. Although the exception, there have been instances of a revolving door.

The NRC Office of Inspector General concluded that Merrifield violated federal ethics laws by failing to recuse himself from matters affecting prospective employers with which he was interviewing. The NRC Inspector General’s report detailed that Merrifield had voted twice on matters involving companies he had contacted about job prospects. In addition, the report noted that Merrifield called a senior executive at another utility to request that he encourage other companies to return calls about his job search.

The report also noted that Merrifield failed to report certain reimbursed travel expenses for himself and his family. Klein commented that “Merrifield generally was a staunch advocate of his chosen positions and was reluctant to change his mind.

Attorney’s office for criminal action, neither office pursued the matter. Attorney’s Office declined all 20 similar referrals for prosecution during the period from A year-long Associated Press AP investigation showed that the NRC, working with the industry, has relaxed regulations so that aging reactors can remain in operation. However, a paper by Stanford University economics professors John B. Taylor and Frank A.

Wolak compared the financial services and nuclear industries. While acknowledging both are susceptible in principle to regulatory capture, they concluded regulatory failure — including through regulatory capture — has been much more of a problem in the financial industry and even suggested the financial industry create an analog to the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations to reduce regulatory risk. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency OCC has strongly opposed the efforts of the 50 state attorneys general , who have banded together to penalize banks and reform the mortgage modification process, following the subprime mortgage crisis and the financial crisis of The United States Securities and Exchange Commission SEC has also been accused of acting in the interests of Wall Street banks and hedge funds and of dragging its feet or refusing to investigate cases or bring charges for fraud and insider trading.

Similarly in the case of the Allen Stanford Ponzi scheme , there were repeated warnings of fraud from both inside and outside the SEC for more than a decade. The SEC has been found by the U. Senate Committee on Finance , the Senate Judiciary Committee and a federal district court to have illegally dismissed an employee in September who was critical of superiors’ refusal to pursue Wall Street titan John Mack.

Mack was suspected of giving insider information to Arthur J. Samberg , head of Pequot Capital Management , [72] once one of the world’s largest hedge funds. Aguirre had already provided incriminating evidence of Pequot’s insider trading involving Microsoft trades to the SEC in a letter on January 2, Earrings purchased are strictly non-exchangeable and non-refundable. Artists Premium is an artistic and event agency specializing in artistic production and organization of shows.

Our agency has a catalog of music bands and professional artists from authentic gospel in the African American style, reggae, jazz, soul, Pop, dance Gospel choir for concerts, weddings, and other events June 09, You are organizing an event and you want to listen to the real gospel?

Afro-American gospel: authentic gospel? You are at the right place! Your Gospel Team is a gospel choir, the first one in Switzerland, specialized in the animation of the weddings, concerts, The machine is in good working order. For free! Did you know Skype Bing mashup happened? Here are the results – a unique high-quality background images in your Skype calls! And that’s not all, you can now kill time by searching up the image and exploring more about the beautiful scenery and places you see on your background!

You can quickly zoom in with your mouse or with the handy controls on the screen. That way, you can always adjust the shared screen to exactly the size you need. Get a closer look at a shared screen at any time, so you never miss a detail. From marathon video calls to wedding bells, this couple relied on Skype to stay connected while living thousands of miles apart. Traditionally, golfers used mounds of sand to elevate the ball, and containers of sand were provided for the purpose.

A few courses still require sand to be used instead of peg tees, to reduce litter and reduce damage to the teeing ground. Tees help reduce the interference of the ground or grass on the movement of the club making the ball easier to hit, and also places the ball in the very centre of the striking face of the club the “sweet spot” for better distance.

When the initial shot on a hole is intended to move the ball a long distance, typically more than yards m , the shot is commonly called a “drive” and is generally made with a long-shafted, large-headed wood club called a “driver”. Shorter holes may be initiated with other clubs, such as higher-numbered woods or irons. Once the ball comes to rest, the golfer strikes it again as many times as necessary using shots that are variously known as a “lay-up”, an “approach”, a “pitch”, or a ” chip “, until the ball reaches the green, where he or she then ” putts ” the ball into the hole commonly called “sinking the putt” or “holing out”.

The goal of getting the ball into the hole “holing” the ball in as few strokes as possible may be impeded by obstacles such as areas of longer grass called “rough” usually found alongside fairways , which both slows any ball that contacts it and makes it harder to advance a ball that has stopped on it; “doglegs”, which are changes in the direction of the fairway that often require shorter shots to play around them; bunkers or sand traps ; and water hazards such as ponds or streams.

In stroke play competitions played according to strict rules , each player plays their ball until it is holed no matter how many strokes that may take.

In match play it is acceptable to simply pick up one’s ball and “surrender the hole” after enough strokes have been made by a player that it is mathematically impossible for the player to win the hole. It is also acceptable in informal stroke play to surrender the hole after hitting three strokes more than the “par” rating of the hole a “triple bogey” — see below ; while technically a violation of Rule 3—2, this practice speeds play as a courtesy to others, and avoids “runaway scores”, excessive frustration and injuries caused by overexertion.

The total distance from the first teeing ground to the 18th green can be quite long; total yardages “through the green” can be in excess of 7, yards 6.

At some courses, electric golf carts are used to travel between shots, which can speed-up play and allows participation by individuals unable to walk a whole round. On other courses players generally walk the course, either carrying their bag using a shoulder strap or using a “golf trolley” for their bag.

These trolleys may or may not be battery assisted. At many amateur tournaments including U. The underlying principle of the rules is fairness. As stated on the back cover of the official rule book:. There are strict regulations regarding the amateur status of golfers.

However, amateur golfers may receive expenses that comply with strict guidelines and they may accept non-cash prizes within the limits established by the Rules of Amateur Status. In addition to the officially printed rules, golfers also abide by a set of guidelines called golf etiquette.

Etiquette guidelines cover matters such as safety, fairness, pace of play, and a player’s obligation to contribute to the care of the course. Though there are no penalties for breach of etiquette rules, players generally follow the rules of golf etiquette in an effort to improve everyone’s playing experience.

Penalty strokes are incurred in certain situations and are counted towards a player’s score as if there were extra swing s at the ball. Either one or two strokes are added for most rule infractions or for taking relief from various situations, with the “general penalty” defined as two-strokes, and disqualification for severe or repeated rule breaches.

Examples include:. Golf clubs are used to hit the golf ball. Each club is composed of a shaft with a lance or “grip” on the top end and a club head on the bottom. Long clubs, which have a lower amount of degree loft, are those meant to propel the ball a comparatively longer distance, and short clubs a higher degree of loft and a comparatively shorter distance.

The actual physical length of each club is longer or shorter, depending on the distance the club is intended to propel the ball. Golf clubs have traditionally been arranged into three basic types. Woods are large-headed, long-shafted clubs meant to propel the ball a long distance from relatively “open” lies, such as the teeing ground and fairway. Of particular importance is the driver or “1-wood”, which is the lowest lofted wood club, and in modern times has become highly specialized for making extremely long-distance tee shots, up to yards m , or more, in a professional golfer’s hands.

Traditionally these clubs had heads made of a hardwood, hence the name, but virtually all modern woods are now made of metal such as titanium, or of composite materials. Irons are shorter-shafted clubs with a metal head primarily consisting of a flat, angled striking face. Traditionally the clubhead was forged from iron; modern iron clubheads are investment-cast from a steel alloy.

Irons of varying loft are used for a variety of shots from virtually anywhere on the course, but most often for shorter-distance shots approaching the green, or to get the ball out of tricky lies such as sand traps. The third class is the putter , which evolved from the irons to create a low-lofted, balanced club designed to roll the ball along the green and into the hole.

A fourth class, called hybrids , evolved as a cross between woods and irons, and are typically seen replacing the low-lofted irons with a club that provides similar distance, but a higher launch angle and a more forgiving nature.

A maximum of 14 clubs is allowed in a player’s bag at one time during a stipulated round. The choice of clubs is at the golfer’s discretion, although every club must be constructed in accordance with parameters outlined in the rules. Clubs that meet these parameters are usually called “conforming”.

Violation of these rules can result in disqualification. The exact shot hit at any given time on a golf course, and which club is used to accomplish the shot, are always completely at the discretion of the golfer; in other words, there is no restriction whatsoever on which club a golfer may or may not use at any time for any shot. Golf balls are spherical, usually white although other colours are allowed , and minutely pock-marked by dimples that decrease aerodynamic drag by increasing air turbulence around the ball in motion, which delays “boundary layer” separation and reduces the drag-inducing “wake” behind the ball, thereby allowing the ball to fly farther.

A tee is allowed only for the first stroke on each hole, unless the player must hit a provisional tee shot or replay their first shot from the tee.

Many golfers wear golf shoes with metal or plastic spikes designed to increase traction, thus allowing for longer and more accurate shots. A golf bag is used to transport golf clubs and the player’s other or personal equipment. Golf bags have several pockets designed for carrying equipment and supplies such as tees, balls, and gloves. Golf bags can be carried, pulled on a trolley or harnessed to a motorized golf cart during play. Golf bags usually have both a hand strap and shoulder strap for carrying, others may be carried over both shoulders like a backpack, and often bags have retractable legs that allow the bag to stand upright when at rest.

The golf swing is outwardly similar to many other motions involving swinging a tool or playing implement, such as an axe or a baseball bat.

However, unlike many of these motions, the result of the swing is highly dependent on several sub-motions being properly aligned and timed. These ensure that the club travels up to the ball in line with the desired path; that the clubface is in line with the swing path; and that the ball hits the centre or “sweet spot” of the clubface. The ability to do this consistently, across a complete set of clubs with a wide range of shaft lengths and clubface areas, is a key skill for any golfer, and takes a significant effort to achieve.

Stance refers to how the golfer positions themselves in order to play a stroke; it is fundamentally important in being able to play a stroke effectively. The stance adopted is determined by what stroke is being played. All stances involve a slight crouch. This allows for a more efficient striking posture whilst also isometrically preloading the muscles of the legs and core; this allows the stroke to be played more dynamically and with a greater level of overall control.

When adopting their stance golfers start with the non-dominant side of the body facing the target for a right-hander, the target is to their left. Setting the stance in regard to the position of the ball, and placing the clubhead behind the ball, is known as being at address; when in this position the player’s body and the centerline of the club face are positioned parallel to the desired line of travel, with the feet either perpendicular to that line or slightly splayed outward.

The feet are commonly shoulder-width apart for middle irons and putters, narrower for short irons and wider for long irons and woods. The ball is typically positioned more to the “front” of the player’s stance closer to the leading foot for lower-lofted clubs, with the usual ball position for a drive being just behind the arch of the leading foot.

The ball is placed further “back” in the player’s stance toward the trailing foot as the loft of the club to be used increases.

Most iron shots and putts are made with the ball roughly centered in the stance, while a few mid- and short-iron shots are made with the ball slightly behind the centre of the stance to ensure consistent contact between the ball and clubface, so the ball is on its way before the club continues down into the turf.

Having chosen a club and stroke to produce the desired distance, the player addresses the ball by taking their stance to the side of it and except when the ball lies in a hazard grounding the club behind the ball.

The golfer then takes their backswing, rotating the club, their arms and their upper body away from the ball, and then begins their swing, bringing the clubhead back down and around to hit the ball. A proper golf swing is a complex combination of motions, and slight variations in posture or positioning can make a great deal of difference in how well the ball is hit and how straight it travels. The general goal of a player making a full swing is to propel the clubhead as fast as possible while maintaining a single “plane” of motion of the club and clubhead, to send the clubhead into the ball along the desired path of travel and with the clubhead also pointing that direction.

Accuracy and consistency are typically stressed over pure distance. A player with a straight drive that travels only yards m will nevertheless be able to accurately place the ball into a favourable lie on the fairway, and can make up for the lesser distance of any given club by simply using “more club” a lower loft on their tee shot or on subsequent fairway and approach shots.

However, a golfer with a drive that may go yards m but often does not fly straight will be less able to position their ball advantageously; the ball may “hook”, “pull”, “draw”, “fade”, “push” or “slice” off the intended line and land out of bounds or in the rough or hazards, and thus the player will require many more strokes to hole out.

A golf stroke uses the muscles of the core especially erector spinae muscles and latissimus dorsi muscle when turning , hamstring , shoulder , and wrist. Stronger muscles in the wrist can prevent them from being twisted during swings, whilst stronger shoulders increase the turning force. Weak wrists can also transmit the force to elbows and even neck and lead to injury.

When a muscle contracts, it pulls equally from both ends and, to have movement at only one end of the muscle, other muscles must come into play to stabilize the bone to which the other end of the muscle is attached. Golf is a unilateral exercise that can break body balances, requiring exercises to keep the balance in muscles. Archived from the original on July 14, Retrieved April 29, Archived from the original on January 17, Archived from the original on August 22, Retrieved August 10, Abraham Lincoln Historical Digitization Project.

Archived from the original on August 1, Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society. JSTOR Census Bureau.

Archived from the original on July 25, Archived from the original PDF on July 8, Archived from the original PDF on September 14, The Sensibilities of Our Forefathers. Retrieved January 12, Illinois Bar Journal. Retrieved November 2, The Hill. Archived from the original on September 3, Retrieved September 3, Archived from the original on September 10, Fox News. Archived from the original on July 9, Illinois Constitution of Archived from the original on November 30, Retrieved November 22, Doyne Illinois: A Geography.

Boulder: Westview Press. Retrieved April 22, Archived from the original on February 26, Retrieved January 31, National Centers for Environmental Information.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on February 21, Retrieved April 30, Carroll” PDF. March 5, Archived from the original PDF on June 8, Peoria, Illinois. Archived from the original on March 1, Retrieved March 1, Retrieved January 2, Retrieved October 24, Archived from the original on October 2, Retrieved November 16, January 17, Archived from the original on May 16, ABC7 Chicago. Archived from the original on May 12, Retrieved May 12, Archived from the original on February 8, Retrieved February 3, He says from Lake to Will to DeKalb counties are growing — not by a lot — but growing at least.

Outside of the Chicago metropolitan area is largely declines. August 12, Archived from the original on August 15, Retrieved September 26, July 25, Retrieved September 4, Archived from the original on May 22, July 1, Archived from the original on July 13, Retrieved May 27, Archived from the original on April 1, Retrieved November 25, The Plain Dealer.

Archived from the original on July 15, Archived from the original on February 11, Retrieved April 9, February 20, Archived from the original on October 20, Archived PDF from the original on September 11, Archived PDF from the original on February 14, Archived PDF from the original on August 31, Archived PDF from the original on June 3, Retrieved May 4, Archived PDF from the original on February 1, Retrieved February 18, Archived PDF from the original on November 28, Retrieved December 2, Archived PDF from the original on March 24, Retrieved March 29, Archived PDF from the original on February 10, Retrieved February 20, Archived from the original on July 18, Retrieved July 3, New York— Populations.

Retrieved January 30, Archived from the original on March 19, Retrieved October 9, Archived from the original PDF on February 5, Retrieved March 30, Modern Language Association. Archived from the original on June 19, Religious Data, Demographics and Statistics”.

Pew Research Center. Archived from the original on March 29, Retrieved December 9, May 11, Archived from the original on June 20, Retrieved June 21, May 15, Archived from the original on May 30, Retrieved on March 30, Archived from the original on November 12, Huffington Post. Archived from the original on March 6, Retrieved March 6, Enjoy Illinois. Retrieved August 15, Archived PDF from the original on May 1, Retrieved May 1, Greyhill Advisors.

Archived from the original on February 16, Retrieved September 16, Crain’s Chicago Business. February 18, Archived from the original on February 20, Soy Stats. The American Soybean Association. Archived from the original on September 13, Retrieved January 19, Illinois Corn Growers Association.

Archived from the original on July 23, Retrieved January 18, March 19, Warren, Illinois History Teacher, , Access online April 16, Archived from the original on March 4, Archived from the original PDF on May 12, Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity. Archived from the original PDF on September 29, Archived from the original on September 5, Illinois State Geological Survey publication. Archived from the original PDF on October 29, Archived from the original on March 9, Retrieved April 4, April 19, Energy Information Administration.

November 6, Archived from the original on November 9, Retrieved January 29, Department of Energy. October 20, Archived from the original on February 9, Retrieved January 14, Wind Energy Projects—Illinois”. American Wind Energy Association. September 30, Archived from the original on January 5, University of Illinois Environmental Council. Archived from the original on May 27, Retrieved January 15, Archived from the original PDF on October 6, Retrieved September 12, June 14, Archived from the original on May 19, Blagojevich joins Gov.

February 1, Archived from the original on May 26, Archived from the original on May 14, Illinois Comptroller. Archived from the original on December 13, January 1, Chicago Sun Times. Retrieved May 30, ABC 7.

 
 

 

What’s new in Skype | Skype Blog.Help Ukraine by donating Skype Credit and we will match your donation!

 

Click here to know capture one pro 12 release date free to put your classifieds as VIP. Sea on foot. Terrace with Kitchenette microwave, toaster, kettle ,minibar,t. Can accommodate four peoples 2 double beds. Situated in full town center посмотреть больше to restaurants, Each piece is handmade and unique, and dare be exactly replicated. Slight variation may occur compared to the pictures. Follow me finding. Earrings purchased are strictly non-exchangeable and non-refundable.

Artists Premium is an artistic and event agency specializing in artistic production and organization of shows.

Our привожу ссылку has a catalog of music bands and professional artists from authentic gospel in the African American style, reggae, jazz, soul, Pop, dance Gospel choir for concerts, weddings, and other events June 09, You are organizing an event and you want to listen to the real captur Afro-American gospel: authentic gospel?

You are посетить страницу the right place! Your Gospel Team capture one pro 12 release date free a gospel choir, the first one in Switzerland, specialized in the animation of the weddings, concerts, The machine is in good working order.

Detailed photos available on request. Perhaps you’d like to talk Very beautiful house “le Clos du chat tambour”, of m2 with basement, for on on the Alabaster coast in Seine Maritime This house with a garden of m2, benefits from an exceptional location, quiet, 3km from the sea and 7 km from the city center Sell a living rleease coffee table made of exotic solid wood.

This semi-precious wooden coffee capture one pro 12 release date free “Courbaril” was brought back from French Guiana in It is in very good condition нажмите сюда very rare, not to say not to be found in metropolitan France and even We also do tutoring from CP primary to baccalaureat’s grade.

We remain capture one pro 12 release date free your disposal. Guadeloupe Scribe Business Administration is a leading young business in marketing, communication http://replace.me/20543.txt press relation at your services.

With a past experience in graphic design proficiency, the team is waiting to boost your business on the market undoubtedly. Our services Business bilingual secretary available to all types of businesses – Special business package November 16, Whatever your need in getting your projet done, or documents, we are experienced enough rflease provide you with the business communication level suitable to your need.

French mother tong and proficient in english for business we are the one skilled solution at This http://replace.me/506.txt is unique in our department. On this occasion, professional and Reunion Island Ideal for sporty, adventurous bon vivants. Wake up with the glow of the first rays of the sun over the mangrove forest. First посетить страницу hearty breakfast with a view of the islands Nosy Captuure out your ссылка in complete safety June 17, For all dae credit or financing needs, we offer our services.

Reliable and oone secure with a good interest rate. The property is about 12 minutes drive from Bought 15th October at Conforma, pr for 2 источник статьи. Selling because we are moving. No delivery available. To be collected in Lamentin. To capthre collected in Lamentin Table

 
 

Illinois – Wikipedia.NEWS RELEASES

 
 

The judiciary is composed of the Supreme Court and lower courts. The Illinois General Assembly is the state legislature, composed of the member Illinois House of Representatives and the member Illinois Senate. The members of the General Assembly are elected at the beginning of each even-numbered year.

The executive branch is composed of six elected officers and their offices as well as numerous other departments. The government of Illinois has numerous departments, agencies, boards and commissions, but the so-called code departments provide most of the state’s services. The Judiciary of Illinois is the unified court system of Illinois. The Supreme Court oversees the administration of the court system.

The administrative divisions of Illinois are counties, townships, precincts, cities, towns, villages, and special-purpose districts. Illinois is a Democratic stronghold. However, in recent elections, the Democratic Party has gained ground, and Illinois has come to be seen as a solid “blue” state in presidential campaigns. However, the ” collar counties ” the suburbs surrounding Chicago’s Cook County, Illinois , can be seen as moderate voting districts.

Republicans continue to prevail in the rural areas of northern and central Illinois, as well as southern Illinois outside of East St. From until , Illinois was carried by the victor of each of these 14 presidential elections. By contrast, Illinois has trended more toward the Democratic party, and has voted for their presidential candidates in the last six elections; in , George W. Bush became the first Republican to win the presidency without carrying either Illinois or Vermont. Local politician and Chicago resident Barack Obama easily won the state’s 21 electoral votes in , with George W.

Bush and Donald Trump are the only Republican presidential candidates to win without carrying either Illinois or Vermont. Politics in the state have been infamous for highly visible corruption cases, as well as for crusading reformers, such as governors Adlai Stevenson and James R. In , former governor George Ryan was convicted of racketeering and bribery, leading to a six-and-a-half-year prison sentence. In , then-Governor Rod Blagojevich was served with a criminal complaint on corruption charges, stemming from allegations that he conspired to sell the vacated Senate seat left by President Barack Obama to the highest bidder.

Subsequently, on December 7, , Rod Blagojevich was sentenced to 14 years in prison for those charges, as well as perjury while testifying during the case, totaling 18 convictions. Blagojevich was impeached and convicted by the legislature, resulting in his removal from office. In the late 20th century, Congressman Dan Rostenkowski was imprisoned for mail fraud; former governor and federal judge Otto Kerner, Jr. Senate for bribery and in , Governor Len Small was found to have defrauded the state of a million dollars.

Illinois has shown a strong presence in presidential elections. Three presidents have claimed Illinois as their political base when running for president: Abraham Lincoln , Ulysses S.

Grant , and most recently Barack Obama. Lincoln was born in Kentucky , but he moved to Illinois at age He served in the General Assembly and represented the 7th congressional district in the U. House of Representatives before his election to the presidency in Ulysses S. Grant was born in Ohio and had a military career that precluded settling down, but on the eve of the Civil War and approaching middle age, he moved to Illinois and thus utilized the state as his home and political base when running for president.

Barack Obama was born in Hawaii and made Illinois his home after graduating from law school , and later represented Illinois in the U. He then became president in , running as a candidate from his Illinois base.

Reagan later moved to California during his young adulthood. He then became an actor, and later became California’s Governor before being elected president.

Hillary Clinton was born and raised in the suburbs of Chicago and became the first woman to represent a major political party in the general election of the U. Clinton ran from a platform based in New York State. Of which three have represented Illinois, the most of any single state: Carol Moseley-Braun , [] Barack Obama , [] and Roland Burris , who was appointed to replace Obama after his election to the presidency.

Moseley-Braun was the first African-American woman to become a U. Three families from Illinois have played particularly prominent roles in the Democratic Party , gaining both statewide and national fame. The Stevenson family , initially rooted in central Illinois and later based in the Chicago metropolitan area, has provided four generations of Illinois officeholders. The Daley family ‘s powerbase was in Chicago.

The Pritzker family is based in Chicago and have played important roles in both the private and the public sectors. Local municipalities and their respective school districts operate individual public schools, but the ISBE audits performance of public schools with the Illinois School Report Card. The ISBE also makes recommendations to state leaders concerning education spending and policies. Education is compulsory for ages 7—17 in Illinois.

Schools are commonly, but not exclusively, divided into three tiers of primary and secondary education: elementary school, middle school or junior high school , and high school. District territories are often complex in structure. Many areas in the state are actually located in two school districts—one for high school, the other for elementary and middle schools. And such districts do not necessarily share boundaries.

A given high school may have several elementary districts that feed into it, yet some of those feeder districts may themselves feed into multiple high school districts. Using the criterion established by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching , there are eleven “National Universities” in the state.

The University of Chicago is continuously ranked as one of the world’s top ten universities on various independent university rankings, and its Booth School of Business , along with Northwestern’s Kellogg School of Management consistently rank within the top five graduate business schools in the country and top ten globally.

The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign is often ranked among the best engineering schools in the world and in United States. As of 19 August [update] , six of these rank in the “first tier” among the top National Universities in the nation, as determined by the U. Illinois also has more than twenty additional accredited four-year universities, both public and private, and dozens of small liberal arts colleges across the state. Additionally, Illinois supports 49 public community colleges in the Illinois Community College System.

Schools in Illinois are funded primarily by property taxes, based on state assessment of property values, rather than direct state contributions. The most notable attempt came in with the adoption of the Illinois Resource Equalizer Formula, a measure through which it was hoped funding could be collected and distributed to Illinois schools more equitably.

Because of its central location and its proximity to the Rust Belt and Grain Belt , Illinois is a national crossroads for air, auto, rail, and truck traffic. From until , Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport ORD was the busiest airport in the world, measured both in terms of total flights and passengers. While it was surpassed by Atlanta ‘s Hartsfield in as Chicago splits its air traffic between O’Hare and Midway airports, while Atlanta uses only one airport , with It is a major hub for both United Airlines and American Airlines , and a major airport expansion project is currently underway.

Midway Airport MDW , which had been the busiest airport in the world at one point until it was supplanted by O’Hare as the busiest airport in , is now the secondary airport in the Chicago metropolitan area and still ranks as one of the nation’s busiest airports.

Midway is a major hub for Southwest Airlines and services many other carriers as well. Midway served Illinois has an extensive passenger and freight rail transportation network. Louis Lincoln Service. Currently there is trackwork on the Chicago—St. Nearly every North American railway meets at Chicago, making it the largest and most active rail hub in the country.

Extensive commuter rail is provided in the city proper and some immediate suburbs by the Chicago Transit Authority ‘s ‘L’ system.

One of the largest suburban commuter rail system in the United States, operated by Metra , uses existing rail lines to provide direct commuter rail access for hundreds of suburbs to the city and beyond. In addition to the state’s rail lines, the Mississippi River and Illinois River provide major transportation routes for the state’s agricultural interests. The Interstate Highways in Illinois are all segments of the Interstate Highway System that are owned and maintained by the state.

Illinois has the distinction of having the most primary two-digit interstates pass through it among all the 50 states with Illinois also ranks third among the fifty states with the most interstate mileage, coming in after California and Texas, which are much bigger states in area. Major U. S Highways in Illinois. The system in Illinois consists of 21 primary highways.

Among the U. Illinois license plate design used throughout the s and s, displaying the Land of Lincoln slogan that has been featured on the state’s plates since From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

This article is about the U. For the river, see Illinois River. For other uses, see Illinois disambiguation. State in the United States.

Charles Mound [1] [2] [3]. Confluence of Mississippi River and Ohio River [2] [3]. Flag of Illinois. See also: Illinois Confederation and List of counties in Illinois. Main article: History of Illinois. Main article: Geology of Illinois. Main article: Illinois in the American Civil War. Main article: Geography of Illinois. Further information: List of ecoregions in Illinois.

Main article: Climate of Illinois. See also: St. Louis tornado history. Racial Makeup of Illinois [76] White alone Black alone Native American alone 0. Asian Alone 5. Pacific Islander Alone 0. Some other race alone 5. Two or more races 2. Black NH Native American NH 0. Asian NH 5. Pacific Islander NH 0. Other NH 0. Two or more races NH 2. Hispanic Any Race Racial Makeup of Hispanics in Illinois [76] White alone Black alone 1.

Asian Alone 0. Other race alone Two or more races 4. This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. June See also: Illinois statistical areas and List of municipalities in Illinois.

Largest cities or towns in Illinois U. Census Bureau Estimate [92]. Main article: Languages of Illinois. Main article: Economy of Illinois. See also: List of Illinois locations by per capita income. Main article: Agriculture in Illinois. See also: List of power stations in Illinois and Solar power in Illinois. Main article: Nuclear power in the United States. Main article: Wind power in Illinois. For a more comprehensive list, see List of museums in Illinois.

Main article: Music of Illinois. For a more comprehensive list, see List of professional sports teams in Illinois. For a more comprehensive list, see List of protected areas of Illinois. Main articles: Law of Illinois and Politics of Illinois.

Main article: Government of Illinois. Main article: Political corruption in Illinois. Main article: United States presidential elections in Illinois. Main article: Illinois State Board of Education. See also: List of school districts in Illinois and List of high schools in Illinois. For a more comprehensive list, see List of colleges and universities in Illinois.

Main article: List of Interstate Highways in Illinois. Main article: List of U. Highways in Illinois. Illinois portal United States portal. NGS data sheet. National Geodetic Survey. Retrieved October 20, United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on November 2, Retrieved October 21, United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on April 26, Retrieved April 26, Median Household Income Up in From “.

The United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 30, Retrieved July 12, Illinois Compiled Statutes. Springfield, Illinois: Illinois General Assembly.

September 4, Archived from the original on March 5, Retrieved April 10, Official language. The official language of the State of Illinois is English. Carbondale, Illinois: The Southern Illinoisan. Associated Press. Archived from the original on January 14, May 16, Archived from the original on December 26, Illinois Periodicals Online.

Archived from the original on October 10, Encyclopedia of Chicago. Archived from the original on May 4, Retrieved May 19, Archived from the original on May 17, Archived from the original on January 29, Retrieved February 15, Archived from the original on May 15, Retrieved February 7, The Illinois Prairie Information Page.

Archived from the original on June 23, Retrieved August 1, Handbook of American Indians north of Mexico, Volume 1. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology.

ISBN OCLC Archived from the original on February 4, Retrieved October 3, Houghton Mifflin. State of Illinois. Archived from the original on April 15, Retrieved April 20, Place Names of Illinois. University of Illinois Press. January ISSN Archived from the original PDF on July 16, Retrieved May 29, Bulletin – Illinois State Geological Survey.

Urbana, IL. Archived from the original on August 20, Retrieved November 26, Viking Press. Cahokia was so large—covering three to five square miles—that archaeologists have yet to probe many portions of it. Its centerpiece was an open fifty-acre Grand Plaza, surrounded by packed-clay pyramids.

The size of thirty-five football fields, the Grand Plaza was at the time the biggest public space ever conceived and executed north of Mexico The Great Knob. Studies in Illinois Archaeology. Archived from the original on September 24, Retrieved November 12, Archaeology of Native North Americas. Chapter 1, p. A pest in the land: new world epidemics in a global perspective.

University of New Mexico Press. Archived from the original on August 3, Retrieved June 16, Illinois: Land and Life in the Prairie State. October 2, Archived from the original on March 22, Retrieved February 27, Tracy W. Archived from the original on July 16, Retrieved January 25, Illinois: A History of the Land and its People. March 16, June 24, Archived from the original on July 14, Retrieved April 29, Archived from the original on January 17, Archived from the original on August 22, Retrieved August 10, Abraham Lincoln Historical Digitization Project.

Archived from the original on August 1, Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society. JSTOR Census Bureau.

Archived from the original on July 25, Archived from the original PDF on July 8, Archived from the original PDF on September 14, The Sensibilities of Our Forefathers. Retrieved January 12, Illinois Bar Journal. Retrieved November 2, The Hill. Archived from the original on September 3, Retrieved September 3, Archived from the original on September 10, Fox News. Archived from the original on July 9, Illinois Constitution of Archived from the original on November 30, Retrieved November 22, Doyne Illinois: A Geography.

Boulder: Westview Press. Retrieved April 22, Archived from the original on February 26, Retrieved January 31, National Centers for Environmental Information. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on February 21, Retrieved April 30, Carroll” PDF. March 5, Archived from the original PDF on June 8, Peoria, Illinois. Archived from the original on March 1, Retrieved March 1, Retrieved January 2, Retrieved October 24, Archived from the original on October 2, Retrieved November 16, January 17, Archived from the original on May 16, ABC7 Chicago.

Archived from the original on May 12, Retrieved May 12, Archived from the original on February 8, Retrieved February 3, He says from Lake to Will to DeKalb counties are growing — not by a lot — but growing at least. Outside of the Chicago metropolitan area is largely declines.

August 12, Archived from the original on August 15, Retrieved September 26, July 25, Retrieved September 4, Archived from the original on May 22, July 1, Archived from the original on July 13, Retrieved May 27, Archived from the original on April 1, Retrieved November 25, The Plain Dealer.

Archived from the original on July 15, Archived from the original on February 11, Retrieved April 9, February 20, Archived from the original on October 20, Archived PDF from the original on September 11, Archived PDF from the original on February 14, Archived PDF from the original on August 31, Archived PDF from the original on June 3, Retrieved May 4, Archived PDF from the original on February 1, Retrieved February 18, Archived PDF from the original on November 28, Retrieved December 2, Archived PDF from the original on March 24, Retrieved March 29, Archived PDF from the original on February 10, Retrieved February 20, Archived from the original on July 18, Retrieved July 3, New York— Populations.

Retrieved January 30, Archived from the original on March 19, Retrieved October 9, Archived from the original PDF on February 5, Retrieved March 30, Modern Language Association. Archived from the original on June 19, Religious Data, Demographics and Statistics”. Pew Research Center. Archived from the original on March 29, Retrieved December 9, May 11, Archived from the original on June 20, Retrieved June 21, May 15, Archived from the original on May 30, Retrieved on March 30, Archived from the original on November 12, Huffington Post.

Archived from the original on March 6, Retrieved March 6, Enjoy Illinois. Retrieved August 15, Archived PDF from the original on May 1, Retrieved May 1, Greyhill Advisors. Archived from the original on February 16, Retrieved September 16, Crain’s Chicago Business. February 18, Archived from the original on February 20, Soy Stats. The American Soybean Association. Archived from the original on September 13, Retrieved January 19, Illinois Corn Growers Association. Archived from the original on July 23, Retrieved January 18, March 19, Warren, Illinois History Teacher, , Access online April 16, Archived from the original on March 4, Archived from the original PDF on May 12, Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity.

Archived from the original PDF on September 29, Archived from the original on September 5, Illinois State Geological Survey publication. Archived from the original PDF on October 29, Archived from the original on March 9, Retrieved April 4, April 19, Energy Information Administration.

November 6, Archived from the original on November 9, Retrieved January 29, Department of Energy. October 20, Archived from the original on February 9, Retrieved January 14, Wind Energy Projects—Illinois”. American Wind Energy Association.

September 30, Archived from the original on January 5, University of Illinois Environmental Council. Archived from the original on May 27, Retrieved January 15, Archived from the original PDF on October 6, Retrieved September 12, June 14, Archived from the original on May 19, Blagojevich joins Gov.

February 1, Archived from the original on May 26, Archived from the original on May 14, Illinois Comptroller. Archived from the original on December 13, January 1, Chicago Sun Times. Retrieved May 30, ABC 7. Archived from the original on May 31, Retrieved January 9, Tax Foundation.

Archived from the original on March 31, Retrieved March 31, Evolution Finance, Inc. EZ Freight Factoring. Times Union. Bleacher Report. June 10, Archived from the original on July 8, National Park Service. Archived from the original on July 26, Retrieved July 15, Archived from the original on July 5, S2CID Louise Tapping State Government Information Sources. Greenwood Publishing Group. LCCN In Lind, Nancy S.

Archived from the original PDF on June 22, Illinois State Archives. Illinois Secretary of State. Archived from the original on November 10, When the game is tied after the predetermined number of holes have been played, it may be continued until one side takes a one-hole lead.

The score achieved for each and every hole of the round or tournament is added to produce the total score, and the player with the lowest score wins in stroke play. Stroke play is the game most commonly played by professional golfers.

If there is a tie after the regulation number of holes in a professional tournament, a playoff takes place between all tied players. Playoffs either are sudden death or employ a pre-determined number of holes, anywhere from three to a full In sudden death, a player who scores lower on a hole than all of their opponents wins the match. If at least two players remain tied after such a playoff using a pre-determined number of holes, then play continues in sudden death format, where the first player to win a hole wins the tournament.

There are many variations in scoring and playing formats in the game of golf, some officially defined in the Rules of Golf. Variations include the popular Stableford scoring system, and various team formats.

Some common and popular examples are listed below. There are also variations on the usual starting procedure where everyone begins from the first tee and plays all holes in order, through to the eighteenth. In large field tournaments, especially on professional tours, a two tee start is commonplace, where the field will be split between starting on the first tee and the tenth tee sometimes the eighth or eleventh depending on proximity to the clubhouse.

Shotgun starts are mainly used for amateur tournament or society play. In this variant, each of the groups playing starts their game on a different hole, allowing for all players to start and end their round at roughly the same time. For example, a group starting on hole 5 will play through to the 18th hole and continue with hole 1, ending their round on hole 4. A bogey or par competition is a scoring format sometimes seen in informal tournaments.

Its scoring is similar to match play, except each player compares their hole score to the hole’s par rating instead of the score of another player. The player “wins” the hole if they score a birdie or better, they “lose” the hole if they score a bogey or worse, and they “halve” the hole by scoring par.

By recording only this simple win—loss—halve score on the sheet, a player can shrug off a very poorly-played hole with a simple “-” mark and move on. As used in competitions, the player or pair with the best win—loss differential wins the competition.

The Stableford system is a simplification of stroke play that awards players points based on their score relative to the hole’s par; the score for a hole is calculated by taking the par score, adding 2, then subtracting the player’s hole score, making the result zero if negative.

Alternately stated, a double bogey or worse is zero points, a bogey is worth one point, par is two, a birdie three, an eagle four, and so on. The advantages of this system over stroke play are a more natural “higher is better” scoring, the ability to compare Stableford scores between plays on courses with different total par scores scoring an “even” in stroke play will always give a Stableford score of 36 , discouraging the tendency to abandon the entire game after playing a particularly bad hole a novice playing by strict rules may score as high as an 8 or 10 on a single difficult hole; their Stableford score for the hole would be zero, which puts them only two points behind par no matter how badly they played , and the ability to simply pick up one’s ball once it is impossible to score any points for the hole, which speeds play.

As with the original system, the highest score wins the game, and terrible scores on one or two holes will not ruin a player’s overall score, but this system rewards “bogey-birdie” play more than the original, encouraging golfers to try to make riskier birdie putt or eagle chipshots instead of simply parring each hole. A handicap is a numerical measure of a golfer’s potential scoring ability over 18 holes.

It is used to enable players of widely varying abilities to compete against one another. Better players are those with the lowest handicaps, and someone with a handicap of 0 or less is often referred to as a scratch golfer.

Handicap systems vary throughout the world and use different methods to assess courses and calculate handicaps. Golf courses are assessed and rated according to the average good score of a scratch golfer, taking into account a multitude of factors affecting play, such as length, obstacles, undulations, etc. A player’s handicap gives an indication of the number of strokes above this course rating that the player will make over the course of an “average best” round of golf, i. Some handicap systems also account for differences in scoring difficulty between low and high handicap golfer.

They do this by means of assessing and rating courses according to the average good score of a “bogey golfer”, a player with a handicap of around This is used with the course rating to calculate a slope rating , which is used to adjust golfer’s handicap to produce a playing handicap for the course and set of tees being used. Handicap systems have potential for abuse by players who may intentionally play badly to increase their handicap sandbagging before playing to their potential at an important event with a valuable prize.

For this reason, handicaps are not used in professional golf, but they can still be calculated and used along with other criteria to determine the relative strengths of various professional players.

Touring professionals, being the best of the best, have negative handicaps; they can be expected, more often than not, to score lower than the Course Rating on any course.

In Golf Digest calculated that the countries with most golf courses per capita, in order, were: Scotland, New Zealand, Australia, Ireland, Canada, Wales, United States, Sweden, and England countries with fewer than , people were excluded.

The number of courses in other territories has increased, an example of this being the expansion of golf in China. The first golf course in China opened in , but by the end of , there were roughly in the country. For much of the 21st century, the development of new golf courses in China has been officially banned with the exception of the island province of Hainan , but the number of courses had nonetheless tripled from to ; the “ban” has been evaded with the government’s tacit approval simply by not mentioning golf in any development plans.

In the United States, women made up 25 percent of golfers in , which was up from 19 percent since and junior female golfers account for 35 percent or 1. In the United States, the number of people who play golf twenty-five times or more per year decreased from 6.

The NGF reported that the number who played golf at all decreased from 30 to 26 million over the same period. In February , astronaut Alan Shepard became the first person to golf anywhere other than Earth.

He smuggled a golf club and two golf balls on board Apollo 14 with the intent to golf on the Moon. He attempted two drives. He shanked the first attempt, but it is estimated his second went more than yards m. Below are the top 20 countries that have the most golf courses as of The majority of professional golfers work as club or teaching professionals “pros” , and only compete in local competitions.

A small elite of professional golfers are “tournament pros” who compete full-time on international “tours”. Many club and teaching professionals working in the golf industry start as caddies or with a general interest in the game, finding employment at golf courses and eventually moving on to certifications in their chosen profession.

These programs include independent institutions and universities, and those that eventually lead to a Class A golf professional certification. Jack Nicklaus , for example, gained widespread notice by finishing second in the U. Open to champion Arnold Palmer , with a hole score of the best score to date in that tournament by an amateur.

He played one more amateur year in , winning that year’s U. Amateur Championship , before turning pro in Golf instruction involves the teaching and learning of the game of golf.

Proficiency in teaching golf instruction requires not only technical and physical ability but also knowledge of the rules and etiquette of the game. In some countries, golf instruction is best performed by teachers certified by the Professional Golfers Association.

Some top instructors who work with professional golfers have become quite well known in their own right. Professional golf instructors can use physical conditioning, mental visualization, classroom sessions, club fitting, driving range instruction, on-course play under real conditions, and review of videotaped swings in slow motion to teach golf to prepare the golfer for the course. There are at least twenty professional golf tours, each run by a PGA or an independent tour organization, which is responsible for arranging events, finding sponsors, and regulating the tour.

Typically a tour has “members” who are entitled to compete in most of its events, and also invites non-members to compete in some of them. Gaining membership of an elite tour is highly competitive, and most professional golfers never achieve it. Perhaps the most widely known tour is the PGA Tour , which tends to attract the strongest fields, outside the four Majors and the four World Golf Championships events. Since , both tours’ money titles have been claimed by the same individual three times, with Luke Donald doing so in and Rory McIlroy in and The Asian Tour became a full member in The OneAsia Tour , founded in , is not a member of the Federation, but was founded as a joint venture of the Australasia, China, Japan, and Korean tours.

The OneAsia Tour also offers ranking points. Golf is unique in having lucrative competition for older players. There are several senior tours for men aged fifty and over, arguably the best known of which is the U. There are six principal tours for women, each based in a different country or continent. All of the principal tours offer points in the Women’s World Golf Rankings for high finishers in their events.

All of the leading professional tours for under players have an official developmental tour, in which the leading players at the end of the season will earn a tour card on the main tour for the following season. The major championships are the four most prestigious men’s tournaments of the year. In chronological order they are: The Masters , the U. The fields for these events include the top several dozen golfers from all over the world.

It is the only major championship that is played at the same course each year. Open, the U. Amateur, the Open Championship, and the British Amateur. Women’s golf does not have a globally agreed set of majors.

Only the last two are also recognised as majors by the Ladies European Tour. For example, the BBC has been known to use the U. LPGA or European majors as it has its own set of majors historically three, since four. However, these events attract little notice outside Japan. Senior aged fifty and over men’s golf does not have a globally agreed set of majors.

The list of senior majors on the U. Of the five events, the Senior PGA is by far the oldest, having been founded in The other events all date from the s, when senior golf became a commercial success as the first golf stars of the television era, such as Arnold Palmer and Gary Player , reached the relevant age. LPGA is in global women’s golf. Golf was featured in the Summer Olympic Games official programme in and After a year absence, golf returned for the Rio Games.

It was not until that the first woman golfer played the game. Mary Queen of Scots commissioned St. Andrew’s Links. Many men saw women as unfit to play the sport due to their supposed lack of strength and ability.

In the newly built Shinnecock Hills nine-hole course in Southampton, New York became the first club to offer membership to women golfers.

Four years later, in , The U. Golf Association held the first Women’s Amateur Championship tournament. Just like professional golfer Bobby Jones , Joyce Wethered was considered to be a star in the s. He doubted that there had ever been a better golfer, man or woman. The Royal Liverpool’s club refused entry of Sir Henry Cotton ‘s wife into the clubhouse in the late s. The secretary of the club released a statement saying, “No woman ever has entered the clubhouse and, praise God, no woman ever will.

She was able to prove herself on the course, going on to become the first American to win the British Women’s Amateur title in The following year she became the first woman to attempt to qualify for the U.

Open , but her application was rejected by the USGA. They stated that the event was intended to be open to men only. The Ladies Professional Golf Association was formed in as a way to popularize the sport and provide competitive opportunities for golfers.

It was not until that U. As of , [ needs update ] women golfers were still fighting to have the same opportunities as male golfers.

There is still a significant pay gap in the USGA. Open than the U. Women’s Open. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Club-and-ball sport. For other uses, see Golf disambiguation and Golfer disambiguation. Main article: History of golf. Main article: Golf course. Main article: Rules of golf. Main article: Penalty golf. Main article: Golf equipment. Main article: Golf swing.

Main article: Par score. Main article: Variations of golf. Main article: Par golf scoring format. Main article: Stableford. Main article: Handicap golf. Main article: Professional golfer. Main article: Golf instruction. Main article: Professional golf tours. Main article: Men’s major golf championships.

Main article: Women’s major golf championships. Main article: Senior major golf championships. Main article: Golf at the Summer Olympics. Olympic Movement. Retrieved 29 March Retrieved 23 September How did sports begin? When China rules the world : the end of the western world and the birth of a new global order.

Penguin Books. ISBN OCLC Archived from the original on 26 March The ultimate golf book. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Retrieved 4 May Sports and Games of the Renaissance. Page Richardson BBC News. Retrieved 24 September PGA Tour. Archived from the original on 2 April Retrieved 8 September Retrieved 29 December Archived from the original on 28 October Retrieved 20 December Archived from the original on 22 December Archived from the original on 6 May Retrieved 16 June Retrieved 6 May Archived from the original on 24 December Retrieved 24 December United States Golf Association.

Archived from the original on 11 October Retrieved 7 November Archived from the original PDF on 31 October Golf Digest. Retrieved 21 October USA Today. Archived from the original on 1 October Retrieved 5 November Golf Digest Korean edition. Archived from the original on 10 December Retrieved 7 December Retrieved 23 October Retrieved 20 October Archived from the original on 2 June Retrieved 8 November Retrieved 20 February Golf Today. Retrieved 25 December Retrieved 17 April Retrieved 4 December National Club Golfer.

Retrieved 6 December The Pope of Slope. Retrieved 15 December Bloomberg News. Retrieved 16 March The New York Times.